The Mother Novel by Maxim Gorky
Shahgul Baloch
The novel ‘Mother’ is considered one of the greatest works of Maxim Gorky, a renowned Russian author. Written in 1906, ‘Mother’ is a powerful and poignant portrayal of the Russian Revolution, exploring themes of social justice, morality, and the human condition. This is a touching story of a mother and her son that how they contribute in the revolution. The book defines the relationship between a mother and her son, explaining the value of freedom, love, sacrifice for the land and true living.
The novel centers on Pelageya Nilovna, the main character, who lives in Russia and owns a small factory. The author indicates that the reality of life for working and struggling people often leads to loss of life. He highlights several values and characters whose actions prove the real value and concept of freedom.
Pelageya Nilovna struggles with her husband’s addiction to wine, which he turns to after working hard every day. She was afraid her husband, who beats her and is physically abusive. After his death, she worries that her son, Pavel, will follow in his footsteps. However, Pavel thinks he is not in that stage to drink and wants to take care of his mother.
Pavel works hard in a factory, learning about collective power and proletariat. His behavior changes, and he spends more time outside, reading books and becoming involved in socialism. His mother worries about his changed behavior, but Pavel continues his social work, impressing others who join him.
Pavel’s social work impresses people like Natasha, Andrei, and Sophia, who join him in his efforts. They lead a circle, reading books and discussing social works and socialist ideas. Due to his social activities, Pavel becomes known as a comrade, and people become aware of his works.
Pelageya initially dislikes Pavel’s habits but eventually joins the circle, reading books and understanding the value of socialism. She becomes silent, observing and learning.
Natasha, the daughter of a rich businessman, leaves her peaceful life to join Pavel’s struggle, sacrificing her wealth and comfort. Pavel’s house becomes a hub for revolutionary activities, and his mother continues his work when he is arrested. Pavel’s mother wants him to stay away from these activities, but he is driven by love and a desire for freedom. Sasha tells Pavel that he must be the hero of his mother.
As Pavel continues his revolutionary struggle, he is arrested multiple times. His mother understands the revolutionary movement and joins it, helping Pavel and others. When Pavel is arrested again, his mother goes to Comrade Nikolai Ivanovich and his sister Sophia, joining them in their revolutionary work.
Pavel’s mother conveys to the people that sacrificing one’s life and freedom is essential for the greater good. She cries, saying, “What ought I to do, a mother?”
The main theme of ‘Mother’ is that sacrificing one’s life and freedom is essential for the greater good. Everyone must take part in national and social activities and fulfill their duty for the motherland and revolution.
